by Guntis Moritis, OGJ Production Editor, OGJ, Apr 6, 2011
Initial estimated technically recoverable shale gas resources in the 32 countries assessed in an Apr. 5 report is 5,760 tcf compared with the 862 tcf in the US. The report was commissioned by the US Energy Information Administration from Advanced Resources International Inc. (ARI). [Please see remarks below -- D.R.]
The report includes 48 shale gas basins in 32 countries, containing almost 70 shale gas formations.
EIA noted that world proved reserves of natural gas as of Jan. 1, 2010, are about 6,609 tcf [please see my post "World's Top 22 Natural Gas Proven Reserve Holders...," here. -- D.R.] and world technically recoverable gas resources are about 16,000 tcf, largely excluding shale gas. Thus, adding the identified shale gas resources to other gas resources increases total world technically recoverable gas resources by more than 40% to 22,600 tcf [i.e., 5,760 tcf + 862 tcf + 16,000 tcf -- D.R.].
EIA said these shale reserves are uncertain given the relatively sparse data that currently exist and the approach ARI employed would likely result in a higher estimate once better information becomes available.
At the current time, efforts are under way to develop more detailed shale gas resource assessments by the countries themselves, with many of these assessments being assisted by several US federal agencies under the auspices of the Global Shale Gas Initiative (GSGI) which was launched in April 2010.
EIA explained that shale gas development was more likely to emerge for two company groupings.
The first group consists of countries such as France, Poland, Turkey, Ukraine, South Africa, Morocco, and Chile that are highly dependent on natural gas imports, have at least some gas production infrastructure, and their estimated shale gas resources are substantial relative to their current gas consumption. South Africa also could use shale gas as feedstock for its existing gas-to-liquids and coal-to-liquids plants.
The second group consists of countries with more than 200 tcf of shale gas resource such as Canada, Mexico, China, Australia, Libya, Algeria, Argentina, and Brazil, [that already produce substantial amounts of natural gas].
The report did not include Russia and Central Asia, Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Central Africa primarily because of existing significant quantities of conventional natural gas reserves in place (Russia and the Middle East) or because of a general lack of information for even an initial assessment. [Full story]
(Please see EIA overview, World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions Outside the United States, April 5, 2011, here. And/or please see especially Table 1: Estimated Shale Gas Technically Recoverable Resources for Select Basins in 32 Countries, Compared to Existing Reported Reserves, Production and Consumption during 2009, here. In 2010, US shale gas production reached 4.87 trillion cubic feet/tcf, constituting 23 percent of total US natural gas production, compared with 0.39 tcf in 2000. This shows both the rapid growth and absolute importance of the shale gas resource to the United States. Rising production from shale gas resources has been credited with both lower natural gas prices and declining dependence on imported natural gas. As is often the case with resource development, shale gas production also has raised local environmental concerns, largely centering on the amount of water used in the fracturing process and the need to handle, recycle, and treat fracturing fluids in a manner that addresses the risk of spills that can potentially affect water quality. EIA's Annual Energy Outlook 2011 Reference case also reflects the growing importance of US shale gas. It projects that shale gas will account for about 46% of US natural gas production in 2035---please see U.S. EIA, Today in Energy, Apr 5, 2011, here. For exploration of shale gas in Poland, please see my post "Marathon, Nexen to Jointly Explore Shale in Poland," here. For shale gas in Europe, please see my post "World Watch [Shale Gas Development in Europe]," here. For China's quest for unconventional gas, please see my post "China Plans to Exploit its Shale Gas Resources," here. For Mexico's first shale gas production, please see, inter alia, here. -- D.R.)
Showing posts with label Turkey. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Turkey. Show all posts
Thursday, April 7, 2011
Monday, March 7, 2011
Azerbaijan to Double Gas Output to 54 Bcm/Year by 2020: Official
Platts, Feb 15, 2011
Azerbaijan plans to double its natural gas output to some 54 billion cubic meters/year by 2020, a senior energy ministry official said Tuesday, with Europe expected to benefit most from the increased volumes.
Azerbaijan's deputy [industry and] energy minister Natig Abbasov told the Azerbaijan Press Agency following a session of an Azerbaijan-EU working group the country has confirmed gas reserves of 2.2 trillion cubic meters, [mostly in Shah Deniz II and the Umid fields.]
"In 2006 Azerbaijan produced 9 Bcm of gas and already in 2010 produced 27 Bcm," Abbasov said.
"By 2020 the volume of gas produced in Azerbaijan will double," he said.
In January, Azerbaijan agreed to supply enough gas to the EU to open up the so-called "Southern Gas Corridor."
Securing supplies from Azerbaijan has been seen as key to Europe's plans to diversify its gas imports away from Russia and other traditional suppliers.
Competition for Azerbaijan's future gas has been fierce, with Russia and Iran also interested in increasing supplies.
The January declaration was the first time Azerbaijan had agreed in writing to export large volumes of gas to Europe, though it has said verbally in the past it was prepared to supply countries in Europe.
Abbasov said that as recently as 2006, Azerbaijan had to import gas, but it now exports gas to Russia, Iran, Turkey and Georgia [please see my remarks below -- D.R.].
Abbasov said Azerbaijan plans to supply 2 Bcm of gas to Russia in 2011.
The main sources of Baku's gas production growth will come from the second phase of the Shah Deniz gas field and the Umid field, Abbasov said.
Umid's recoverable reserves are estimated at 200 Bcm, and Azerbaijan also has a number of other high-profile gas fields in the exploration phase, including the Total-led Absheron project, where drilling has just started.
EU PIPELINE PROJECTS
Although Russia has publicly said it could buy all of Azerbaijan's export gas, the EU is expected to receive large volumes of Azeri gas in the future.
There are currently three gas pipeline projects competing for new gas from Azerbaijan, with a decision on which is to be favored by Baku due soon.
The projected 31 Bcm/year Nabucco and the planned 11 Bcm/year ITGI lines are competing with a third project, the proposed 20 Bcm/year Trans-Adriatic Pipeline between Greece, Albania and Italy, for the role of principal carrier of Azeri gas to Europe.
Azerbaijan has also pledged gas to the Azerbaijan-Georgia-Romania Interconnector (AGRI) venture.
The energy ministers of the three countries, plus Hungary, signed a declaration on the project in the Romanian capital Bucharest Monday.
The AGRI project, created last September, envisions 7 Bcm/year of Azeri gas transported from the Sangachal terminal via existing pipelines to the port of Kulevi, Georgia.
There it would be converted to LNG in a newly built terminal and shipped to the port of Constanta, Romania, across the Black Sea, and on to Hungary via pipeline.
Hungary, which already took part in last September's AGRI talks as an observer, will be represented in the project company by state-owned power holding MVM.
The four partner companies -- Romgaz (Romania), Socar (Azerbaijan), GOGC (Georgia) and MVM -- will each control 25% of the AGRI project company.
The four parties hope to complete a feasibility study of the project by April 1, 2012.
Hungary's participation in the project is made possible by a recently opened Hungary-Romania gas interconnector.
Hungary is heavily dependent on Russian gas imports transported via Ukraine, and is also part of the Nabucco project.
"AGRI, too, could be a realistic solution for easing Hungary's one-sided gas import dependence, both in terms of gas sources and supply routes," Hungary's energy minister [Minister of National Development] Tamas Fellegi was quoted as saying. "We believe AGRI is a feasible project." [Full story]
(Azerbaijan became a net exporter of natural gas in 2007 with the startup of the Shah Deniz natural gas and condensate field in late 2006; in prior years it had been importing natural gas from Russia. Prior to 2007, the Kazi Magomed-Mozdok pipeline used to transport natural gas from Russia to Azerbaijan, but the agreement allowed for the pipeline flow to be reversed, making Azerbaijan an exporter of natural gas to Russia. The Shah Deniz field was discovered in 1999. It is one of the world's largest gas-condensate fields, with over 30 trillion cubic feet---1 trillion cubic meters---of gas in place. It lies in water depths between 50 meters and 600 meters, i.e. 1969 ft, some 70 kilometers, i.e. 43 mi, southeast of Baku---please see map below. BP operates Shah Deniz on behalf of its parners in the Shah Deniz Production Sharing Agreement. The country is also a significant oil producer. Azerbaijan produced some 51 million tons of oil, i.e., about 1 million barrels of oil per day, in 2010. -- D.R.)
Source: Rigzone, here (Azerbaijan's northern land border with Russia is missing -- D.R.)
Azerbaijan plans to double its natural gas output to some 54 billion cubic meters/year by 2020, a senior energy ministry official said Tuesday, with Europe expected to benefit most from the increased volumes.
Azerbaijan's deputy [industry and] energy minister Natig Abbasov told the Azerbaijan Press Agency following a session of an Azerbaijan-EU working group the country has confirmed gas reserves of 2.2 trillion cubic meters, [mostly in Shah Deniz II and the Umid fields.]
"In 2006 Azerbaijan produced 9 Bcm of gas and already in 2010 produced 27 Bcm," Abbasov said.
"By 2020 the volume of gas produced in Azerbaijan will double," he said.
In January, Azerbaijan agreed to supply enough gas to the EU to open up the so-called "Southern Gas Corridor."
Securing supplies from Azerbaijan has been seen as key to Europe's plans to diversify its gas imports away from Russia and other traditional suppliers.
Competition for Azerbaijan's future gas has been fierce, with Russia and Iran also interested in increasing supplies.
The January declaration was the first time Azerbaijan had agreed in writing to export large volumes of gas to Europe, though it has said verbally in the past it was prepared to supply countries in Europe.
Abbasov said that as recently as 2006, Azerbaijan had to import gas, but it now exports gas to Russia, Iran, Turkey and Georgia [please see my remarks below -- D.R.].
Abbasov said Azerbaijan plans to supply 2 Bcm of gas to Russia in 2011.
The main sources of Baku's gas production growth will come from the second phase of the Shah Deniz gas field and the Umid field, Abbasov said.
Umid's recoverable reserves are estimated at 200 Bcm, and Azerbaijan also has a number of other high-profile gas fields in the exploration phase, including the Total-led Absheron project, where drilling has just started.
EU PIPELINE PROJECTS
Although Russia has publicly said it could buy all of Azerbaijan's export gas, the EU is expected to receive large volumes of Azeri gas in the future.
There are currently three gas pipeline projects competing for new gas from Azerbaijan, with a decision on which is to be favored by Baku due soon.
The projected 31 Bcm/year Nabucco and the planned 11 Bcm/year ITGI lines are competing with a third project, the proposed 20 Bcm/year Trans-Adriatic Pipeline between Greece, Albania and Italy, for the role of principal carrier of Azeri gas to Europe.
Azerbaijan has also pledged gas to the Azerbaijan-Georgia-Romania Interconnector (AGRI) venture.
The energy ministers of the three countries, plus Hungary, signed a declaration on the project in the Romanian capital Bucharest Monday.
The AGRI project, created last September, envisions 7 Bcm/year of Azeri gas transported from the Sangachal terminal via existing pipelines to the port of Kulevi, Georgia.
There it would be converted to LNG in a newly built terminal and shipped to the port of Constanta, Romania, across the Black Sea, and on to Hungary via pipeline.
Hungary, which already took part in last September's AGRI talks as an observer, will be represented in the project company by state-owned power holding MVM.
The four partner companies -- Romgaz (Romania), Socar (Azerbaijan), GOGC (Georgia) and MVM -- will each control 25% of the AGRI project company.
The four parties hope to complete a feasibility study of the project by April 1, 2012.
Hungary's participation in the project is made possible by a recently opened Hungary-Romania gas interconnector.
Hungary is heavily dependent on Russian gas imports transported via Ukraine, and is also part of the Nabucco project.
"AGRI, too, could be a realistic solution for easing Hungary's one-sided gas import dependence, both in terms of gas sources and supply routes," Hungary's energy minister [Minister of National Development] Tamas Fellegi was quoted as saying. "We believe AGRI is a feasible project." [Full story]
(Azerbaijan became a net exporter of natural gas in 2007 with the startup of the Shah Deniz natural gas and condensate field in late 2006; in prior years it had been importing natural gas from Russia. Prior to 2007, the Kazi Magomed-Mozdok pipeline used to transport natural gas from Russia to Azerbaijan, but the agreement allowed for the pipeline flow to be reversed, making Azerbaijan an exporter of natural gas to Russia. The Shah Deniz field was discovered in 1999. It is one of the world's largest gas-condensate fields, with over 30 trillion cubic feet---1 trillion cubic meters---of gas in place. It lies in water depths between 50 meters and 600 meters, i.e. 1969 ft, some 70 kilometers, i.e. 43 mi, southeast of Baku---please see map below. BP operates Shah Deniz on behalf of its parners in the Shah Deniz Production Sharing Agreement. The country is also a significant oil producer. Azerbaijan produced some 51 million tons of oil, i.e., about 1 million barrels of oil per day, in 2010. -- D.R.)
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Top 10 Largest Refining Companies in Asia, the USA and Western Europe -- OGJ
by David Rachovich
Largest Refining Companies in Asia, the USA and Western Europe
Region
|
Rank
|
Company
|
No. of Refineries
|
Crude Capacity, barrels per calendar day (b/cd)*
|
Asia
| ||||
1.
|
Sinopec (China)
|
27
|
3,971,000
| |
2.
|
CNPC (China)
|
25
|
2,615,000
| |
3.
|
ExxonMobil (USA)
|
10
|
1,937,500
| |
4.
|
JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corp. (Japan)
|
7
|
1,423,200
| |
5.
|
Royal Dutch Shell PLC (NL/UK)
|
13
|
1,324,875
| |
6.
|
Indian Oil Co. Ltd. (India)
|
11
|
1,274,293
| |
7.
|
Reliance Industries Ltd. (India)
|
2
|
1,240,000
| |
8.
|
Pertamina (Indonesia)
|
8
|
1,011,825
| |
9.
|
SK Corp. (South Korea)
|
1
|
817,000
| |
10.
|
Chinese Petroleum Corp. (CPC, Taiwan)
|
3
|
770,000
| |
USA
| ||||
1.
|
ConocoPhillips (USA)
|
13
|
2,226,200
| |
2.
|
ExxonMobil Corp. (USA)
|
7
|
2,043,000
| |
3.
|
Valero Energy Corp. (USA)
|
12
|
1,999,660
| |
4.
|
BP PLC (UK)
|
6
|
1,476,575
| |
5.
|
Marathon Oil Corp. (USA)
|
7
|
1,188,000
| |
6.
|
Royal Dutch Shell PLC (NL/UK)
|
8
|
971,250**
| |
7.
|
Chevron Corp. (USA)
|
5
|
941,000
| |
8.
|
PDVSA (Venezuela)
|
4
|
849,400***
| |
9.
|
Sunoco Inc. (USA)
|
4
|
825,000
| |
10.
|
Flint Hills Resources (USA)
|
3
|
816,525
| |
Western Europe
| ||||
1.
|
Total SA (France)
|
15
|
2,121,085
| |
2.
|
ExxonMobil Corp. (USA)
|
9
|
1,668,000
| |
3.
|
Royal Dutch Shell PLC (NL/UK)
|
11
|
1,551,801
| |
4.
|
Agip Petroli SPA (Italy)
|
10
|
876,117
| |
5.
|
BP PLC (UK)
|
8
|
868,954
| |
6.
|
Repsol YPF SA (Spain)
|
5
|
709,200
| |
7.
|
TUPRAS (Turkey)
|
4
|
613,275
| |
8.
|
ConocoPhillips (USA)
|
4
|
610,125
| |
9.
|
Petroplus (Switzerland)
|
5
|
581,000
| |
10.
|
CEPSA (Spain)
|
3
|
427,000
| |
Notes: In table above, Shell exchanged positions with JX Nippon Oil and Indian Oil Co. Ltd. moved up in the Asia list (9 to 6); for the USA, Valero moved to No. 3 from No. 2 on the strength of closings or sales (please read notes here). ExxonMobil moved up to No. 2; Petroplus in Western Europe dropped to 9 from 6. – Please read Warren R. True and Leena Koottungal, "Global Capacity Growth Slows, But Asian Refineries Bustle," OGJ, Dec 6, 2010.
*Includes partial interests in refineries not wholly owned by the company.
**Includes Shell's stakes in Motiva and its 50% stake in the Deer Park, Texas, refinery.
***Consists of PDVSA's ownership of Citgo and its 50% stake in the ExxonMobil Chalmette, Louisiana, refinery.
Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Dec 6, 2010.
(Also, please see my post "World's Top 25 Largest Refining Companies, Jan 1, 2011 -- OGJ," and Aaron and David Rachovich, "World's Top 21 Largest Oil Refineries -- OGJ." Furthermore, please see "Top 28 Largest Refineries in the U.S. as of Jan 1, 2011 -- EIA," and "Top 20 Largest Refining Companies/Refiners in the U.S. as of Jan 1, 2011." Update: "Top 10 Largest Refining Companies in Asia," Feb 13, 2012 -- D.R.)
(Also, please see my post "World's Top 25 Largest Refining Companies, Jan 1, 2011 -- OGJ," and Aaron and David Rachovich, "World's Top 21 Largest Oil Refineries -- OGJ." Furthermore, please see "Top 28 Largest Refineries in the U.S. as of Jan 1, 2011 -- EIA," and "Top 20 Largest Refining Companies/Refiners in the U.S. as of Jan 1, 2011." Update: "Top 10 Largest Refining Companies in Asia," Feb 13, 2012 -- D.R.)
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